Unknown Substance Lab
Fingerprints
Fingerprints are a way to find clues when investigating a crime scene. In the second photo, the fingerprint found at the crime scene belonged to Alex Garcia because I looked at both Alex and the unknown print and they matched up. The other fingerprints that knew Anna Garcia had different prints such as Plain Arch and/or Whorl.
In order for you take a Latent Print, you will need any black ink pad and a FBI Fingerprint Card to print your latent fingerprints. Of course you would start by putting in your information about you personally, then you would get your right thumb, hold it there for a good amount of time and tap your thumb on the FBI Card. Repeat the same steps you did with your right thumb to the rest of your fingers. There will also be a 4 more boxes at the bottom of the Card; for the first, you would have to repeat the steps we did before, but using your left 4 fingers at the same time and tap it on to the card and repeat with your other hand (right). Lastly, get your thumbs and repeat steps.
Hair and Fiber Analysis
The hair found at the crime scene belongs to Anna Garcia. I know this because when i placed both pieces of hair under the microscope, they had the same pattern and figure as i was observing/examining both pieces of hair.
Shoe-prints
While investigating the crime scene, there were also footprints that connected with the crime scene that occurred. The footprint actually belonged to Anna Garcia because her shoes had the same pattern and shape as the picture that was taken at the crime scene.
Blood Typing
The blood type is B+, which could either belong to Anna Garcia or Alex Garcia. I know this because while the blood samples were sitting, the blood had clumped up in all substances except the Anti-B serum.
Stride Analysis
Whats is DNA? Model Building Lab
Background Info:
DNA is the hereditary material in humans and all living organisms. DNA can also be looked at as a blueprint for building all of the cells that make up organisms. DNA is a large molecule who is stored as a chemical code. Nucleotides are the basic structure of DNA, which is composed of a deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. DNA is made up of four types of nitrogenous bases (A,T,G,C). How DNA is made up is when a is series spiraling clockwise around a central axis forming a twisted ladder called a double helix. The four nitrogenous bases are put together specifically as A-T and G-C, creating the double helix and determining an organism's traits.
DNA is the hereditary material in humans and all living organisms. DNA can also be looked at as a blueprint for building all of the cells that make up organisms. DNA is a large molecule who is stored as a chemical code. Nucleotides are the basic structure of DNA, which is composed of a deoxyribose sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. DNA is made up of four types of nitrogenous bases (A,T,G,C). How DNA is made up is when a is series spiraling clockwise around a central axis forming a twisted ladder called a double helix. The four nitrogenous bases are put together specifically as A-T and G-C, creating the double helix and determining an organism's traits.
Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Phosphate, Deoxyribose
Nucleotide
Conclusion Questions:
The difference between purines and pyrimidines is that purines contain your Adenine and Guanine base pairs (bp) which also has two carbon nitrogen while pyrimidines contain your Cytosine and Thymine base pairs which only has one carbon nitrogen.
Purines bond with pyrimidines in the DNA ladder because they all form hydrogen bonds which makes up the DNA and since they form differently, they attract each other, meaning they connect evenly together.
DNA has two strands. If the sequence of nucleotides of one strand was known, yes it is possible to use that information to determine the sequence of the second strand because you can already infer that the second strand is always going to bond with the strand they always bond with. For example, since A should always bond with T and G should always bond with C, then if we know the base is T than the second strand would always be A since those two base pairs will always partner up. This process also go with C and G.
No, our two models are not exactly the same, but we have the same base pairs that everyone have. One of ours were in a different order, but these differences relate to human differences because everyone is unique in their own way. Even if everyone have the same base pairs, but in different orders, we are all still the same in our own unique way.
Purines bond with pyrimidines in the DNA ladder because they all form hydrogen bonds which makes up the DNA and since they form differently, they attract each other, meaning they connect evenly together.
DNA has two strands. If the sequence of nucleotides of one strand was known, yes it is possible to use that information to determine the sequence of the second strand because you can already infer that the second strand is always going to bond with the strand they always bond with. For example, since A should always bond with T and G should always bond with C, then if we know the base is T than the second strand would always be A since those two base pairs will always partner up. This process also go with C and G.
No, our two models are not exactly the same, but we have the same base pairs that everyone have. One of ours were in a different order, but these differences relate to human differences because everyone is unique in their own way. Even if everyone have the same base pairs, but in different orders, we are all still the same in our own unique way.
Whose DNA is it?-DNA Gel Electrophoresis/DNA Profiling
DNA Profiling is the process of testing DNA by filing and organizing them into an agarose gel, (aka gel electrophoresis). The gel acts like a screen. The DNA fragments move through the gel more easily than the large pieces. Therefore, small pieces travel further than large pieces. They take the data (DNA) they collected from all the suspects and compare them to what they found from the crime scene and investigate on who it belongs to. If you wanted to process DNA Profiling, first you would cut the DNA based on their base pairs called Restriction Enzymes. After you have completed that step, you would now place the DNA fragments into wells of jelly like substance. Then you would put the gel into the electrophoresis box and see bubbles, which is when you know the gel is running so you might not wanna touch it. As the electricity is fully running, since the DNA is a negative charge, you would put it on the negative side to repel it and to keep it moving instead of sitting in one place.
Conclusion Questions/Answers:
The DNA found at the crime scene was Anna Garcia's DNA. I know this because as I was filing the DNA gel's on the diagram, I noticed that Anna had very similar distances and heights as they were flowing down the wells. As you can see in the picture to the left, the DNA from the crime scene basically matches Anna Garcia's DNA, even if some of the DNA fragments didn't quite hit the spot in Anna's.
The role that Restriction Enzymes play in DNA Profiling is to cut the DNA strands based on their base pairs (A-T,G-C) and place them into the gel electrophoresis to see if they match one of the suspects DNA.
If the gel was placed with the DNA starting closest to the positive electrode, they wouldn't be able to flow correctly in the gel and since the negative charge of the DNA attracts a positive charge, it wouldn't be able to slide through the gel.
Besides DNA profiling, scientists and researchers can use DNA Analysis for paternity tests or close relations to any family members and also a search for genetic disease that occur.
A bio-medical science professional that is introduced in this activity would assist Anna's case by using the data we already know to find who the DNA belongs to and so we can check back to see the DNA we found that the crime scene and compare it the rest of the suspects DNA's.
The DNA found at the crime scene was Anna Garcia's DNA. I know this because as I was filing the DNA gel's on the diagram, I noticed that Anna had very similar distances and heights as they were flowing down the wells. As you can see in the picture to the left, the DNA from the crime scene basically matches Anna Garcia's DNA, even if some of the DNA fragments didn't quite hit the spot in Anna's.
The role that Restriction Enzymes play in DNA Profiling is to cut the DNA strands based on their base pairs (A-T,G-C) and place them into the gel electrophoresis to see if they match one of the suspects DNA.
If the gel was placed with the DNA starting closest to the positive electrode, they wouldn't be able to flow correctly in the gel and since the negative charge of the DNA attracts a positive charge, it wouldn't be able to slide through the gel.
Besides DNA profiling, scientists and researchers can use DNA Analysis for paternity tests or close relations to any family members and also a search for genetic disease that occur.
A bio-medical science professional that is introduced in this activity would assist Anna's case by using the data we already know to find who the DNA belongs to and so we can check back to see the DNA we found that the crime scene and compare it the rest of the suspects DNA's.